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TCSH User Commands TCSH NNAAMMEE tcsh - C shell with file name completion and command line editing SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS ttccsshh [ --bbcceeffiinnssttvvVVxxXX ] [ _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ... ] DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN _T_c_s_h is an enhanced version of the Berkeley UNIX C shell _c_s_h (_1). It behaves exactly like the C shell, except for the added utilities of: 1) Command line editing using Emacs-style commands. 2) Visual step up/down through the history list. 3) Terminal mode sanity checking and resetting. 4) Interactive command, file name and user name comple- tion. 5) File/directory/user list in the middle of a typed com- mand. 6) Spelling correction of command, file, and user names. 7) Lookup of command documentation in the middle of a typed command. 8) History saved between logouts. 9) Automatic logout after long periods of idle time. 10) Automatic execution of a single command prior to printing each prompt. 11) Automatic periodic command execution. 12) A new syntax for the prompt, and the ability to set the prompt for "while" and "for" loops. 13) Time stamps in the history list. 14) An addition to the syntax of filenames to access entries in the directory stack. 15) The ability to watch for logins and logouts by user or terminal on the machine. 16) A scheduled event list, which specifies commands which are to be executed at given times. Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 1 TCSH User Commands TCSH 17) A new builtin that does a subset of _l_s (_1). 18) An addition to the file expression syntax for a char- acter not in a set of characters. 19) New automatically initialized environment variables _H_O_S_T and _H_O_S_T_T_Y_P_E. 20) Commands for debugging terminal capabilities. 21) Searching for the visual history mechinism. 22) A new builtin for the which(1) command. 23) Restarting a stopped editor with two keystrokes. 24) Automatic execution of a command when the current working directory is changed. 25) Automatic execution of commands on an idle host. For a description of standard C-shell features, see the _c_s_h manual page. 11.. CCOOMMMMAANNDD LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG Commands that the user types in may be edited using the same control characters that Gnu Emacs uses. Arrow and function key sequences are also allowed. _T_c_s_h allows this by setting the terminal to `CBREAK' mode and reading the input one character at a time. The following is a list of which con- trol characters do what. EMACS functions set-mark-command ^@ beginning-of-line ^A backward-char ^B tty-sigintr ^C delete-char-or-list ^D end-of-line ^E forward-char ^F backward-delete-char ^H complete-word ^I newline ^J kill-line ^K clear-screen ^L newline ^M down-history ^N tty-flush-output ^O up-history ^P tty-start-output ^Q redisplay ^R Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 2 TCSH User Commands TCSH tty-stop-output ^S transpose-chars ^T universal-argument ^U quoted-insert ^V kill-region ^W extended-key-prefix ^X yank ^Y tty-sigtsusp ^Z prefix-meta ^[ tty-sigquit ^\ tty-dsusp ^] digit 0 through 9 self-insert-command A through Z self-insert-command a through z self-insert-command SPACE ! # $ % & " ' ` * + , - . / \ self-insert-command : ; ( ) < > { } [ ] = ? @ ^ _ | ~ backward-delete-char ^? list-choices M-^D backward-delete-word M-^H complete-word M-^I clear-screen M-^L run-fg-editor M-^Z complete-word M-^[ spell-word M-$ digit-argument M-0 through M-9 which-command M-? backward-word M-B capitalize-word M-C delete-word M-D forward-word M-F run-help M-H downcase-word M-L history-search-forward M-N function-key-prefix M-O history-search-backward M-P spell-word M-S upcase-word M-U copy-region-as-kill M-W function-key-prefix M-[ backward-word M-b capitalize-word M-c delete-word M-d forward-word M-f run-help M-h downcase-word M-l history-search-forward M-n history-search-backward M-p spell-word M-s upcase-word M-u copy-region-as-kill M-w backward-delete-word M-^? Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 3 TCSH User Commands TCSH EMACS Extended mode functions (^X) exchange-point-and-mark ^X VI Insert Mode functions tty-sigintr ^C list-or-eof ^D backward-delete-char ^H complete-word ^I newline ^J kill-line ^K clear-screen ^L newline ^M tty-flush-output ^O tty-start-output ^Q redisplay ^R tty-stop-output ^S backward-kill-line ^U quoted-insert ^V backward-delete-word ^W prefix-meta ^X tty-dsusp ^Y tty-sigtsusp ^Z vi-cmd-mode ^[ (escape key) tty-sigquit ^\ backward-delete-char ^? (delete key) self-insert-command 0 thru 9, A thru Z, a thru z self-insert-command SPACE ! # $ % & " ' ` * + , - . / \ self-insert-command : ; ( ) < > { } [ ] = ? @ ^ _ | ~ VI Command Mode functions beginning-of-line ^A tty-sigintr ^C list-choices ^D end-of-line ^E backward-delete-char ^H complete-word ^I newline ^J kill-line ^K clear-screen ^L newline ^M down-history ^N tty-flush-output ^O up-history ^P tty-start-output ^Q redisplay ^R tty-stop-output ^S backward-kill-line ^U backward-delete-word ^W prefix-meta ^[ Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 4 TCSH User Commands TCSH tty-sigquit ^\ forward-char SPACE end-of-line $ vi-zero 0 digit-argument 1 through 9 which-command ? vi-add-at-eol A backward-word B vi-chg-to-eol C kill-line D vi-insert-at-bol I history-search-forward J history-search-backward K function-key-prefix O vi-replace-mode R vi-substitute-line S forward-word W backward-delete-char X function-key-prefix [ beginning-of-line ^ vi-add a backward-word b delete-word d backward-char h vi-insert i down-history j up-history k forward-char l vi-replace-char r vi-substitute-char s vi-beginning-of-next-word w delete-char x backward-delete-char ^? (delete key) run-help M-? function-key-prefix M-O function-key-prefix M-[ Alphabetical list of function names "backward-char" "backward-delete-char" "backward-delete-word" "backward-kill-line" "backward-word" "beginning-of-line" "capitalize-word" "clear-screen" "complete-word" "copy-region-as-kill" "delete-char" "delete-char-or-list" "delete-word" Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 5 TCSH User Commands TCSH "digit" "digit-argument" "down-history" "downcase-word" "end-of-file" "end-of-line" "exchange-point-and-mark" "extended-key-prefix" "forward-char" "forward-word" "function-key-prefix" "gosmacs-transpose-chars" "history-search-backward" "history-search-forward" "insert-last-word" "keyboard-quit" "kill-line" "kill-region" "kill-whole-line" "list-choices" "list-or-eof" "newline" "prefix-meta" "quoted-insert" "redisplay" "run-fg-editor" "run-help" "self-insert-command" "set-mark-command" "spell-word" "transpose-chars" "tty-dsusp" "tty-flush-output" "tty-sigintr" "tty-sigquit" "tty-sigtsusp" "tty-start-output" "tty-stop-output" "universal-argument" "up-history" "upcase-word" "vi-beginning-of-next-word" "vi-cmd-mode" "vi-add" "vi-add-at-eol" "vi-insert" "vi-insert-at-bol" "vi-replace-char" "vi-replace-mode" "vi-substitute-char" "vi-substitute-line" "vi-zero" Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 6 TCSH User Commands TCSH "which-command" "yank" There is a new shell command, _b_i_n_d, that allows the user to redefine what any key does, or find out what any or all of the keys do. If given two arguments _b_i_n_d binds the function (first argu- ment) to the given key (second argument). The key may be: the direct character or a caret-<letter> combination, which is converted to control-<letter>; M-<letter> for an escaped character; or X-<string> for a function key. For the last of these, the function key prefix must be bound to the func- tion "extended-key-prefix" and the string specified to the _b_i_n_d command must not include this prefix. By default (in both emacs and vi modes), "extended-key-prefix" is bound to M-[ and M-O (capital-oh) for the arrow keys and F1 through F20 function keys on ANSI terminals. If given one argument _b_i_n_d takes the argument as the name for a key and tells what that key does. If given no arguments _b_i_n_d tells what all of the keys do. If you give bind the single argument of 'defaults', it resets each key to its default value (see the above list). 22.. VVIISSUUAALL HHIISSTTOORRYY The keys ^P and ^N are used to step up and down the history list. If the user has typed in the following: > ls foo bar > echo mumble mumble > then enters ^_P, the shell will place "echo mumble" into the editing buffer, and will put the cursor at the end of the line. If another ^_P is entered, then the editing line will change to "ls". More ^_Ps will make the bell ring, since there are no more lines in the history. ^_N works the same way, except it steps down (forward in time). An easy way to re-do a command is to type ^_P followed by _R_e_t_u_r_n. Also, pieces of previous commands can be assembled to make a new command. The commands that work on regions are especially useful for this. ^_P and ^_N actually only copy commands from out of the his- tory into the edit buffer; thus the user may step back into the history and then edit things, but those changes do not affect what is actually in _t_c_s_h's history. Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 7 TCSH User Commands TCSH 33.. TTTTYY MMOODDEE SSAANNIITTYY As part of the editor, _t_c_s_h does a check and reset of the terminal mode bits. If the speed has been changed, then _t_c_s_h will change to using that speed. _t_c_s_h will also obey changes in the padding needed by the tty. Some changes to the command keys will be obeyed, however if a command key is unset, _t_c_s_h will reset it to what it was. Also, the shell will automatically turn off RAW and CBREAK modes, and will turn on the tty driver's output processing. 44.. WWOORRDD CCOOMMPPLLEETTIIOONN In typing commands, it is no longer necessary to type a com- plete name, only a unique abbreviation is necessary. When you type a TAB to _t_c_s_h it will complete the name for you, echoing the full name on the terminal (and entering it into the edit buffer). If the prefix you typed matches no name, the terminal bell is rung, unless the variable _n_o_b_e_e_p is set. The name may be partially completed if the prefix matches several longer names. If this is the case, the name is extended up to the point of ambiguity, and the bell is rung. This works for file names, command names, and the (csh) ~ user name convention. The variable _f_i_g_n_o_r_e may be set to a list of suffixes to be disregarded during comple- tion. _E_x_a_m_p_l_e Assume the current directory contained the files: DSC.TXT bin cmd lib memos DSC.NEW chaos cmtest mail netnews bench class dev mbox new The command: > gnumacs ch[TAB] would cause _t_c_s_h to complete the command with the file name chaos. If instead, the user had typed: > gnumacs D[TAB] _t_c_s_h would have extended the name to DSC and rung the termi- nal bell, indicating partial completion. However, if _f_i_g_n_o_r_e had previously been set to a list containing .NEW as one element, e.g. ( .o .NEW ), _t_c_s_h would have completed the `D' to DSC.TXT. File name completion works equally well when other direc- tories are addressed. Additionally, _t_c_s_h understands the C shell tilde (~) convention for home directories. Thus, Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 8 TCSH User Commands TCSH > cd ~speech/data/fr[TAB] does what one might expect. This may also be used to expand login names only. Thus, > cd ~sy[TAB] expands to > cd ~synthesis Command names may also be completed, for example, > gnum[TAB] will expand to "gnumacs" (assuming that there are no other commands that begin with "gnum"). Completion also works when the cursor is in the middle of the line, rather than just the end. All of the text after the cursor will be saved, the completion will work (possibly adding to the current name), and then the saved text will be restored in place, after the cursor. 55.. LLIISSTTIINNGG OOFF PPOOSSSSIIBBLLEE NNAAMMEESS At any point in typing a command, you may request "what names are available". Thus, when you have typed, perhaps: > cd ~speech/data/fritz/ you may wish to know what files or subdirectories exist (in ~speech/data/fritz), without, of course, aborting the com- mand you are typing. Typing the character Control-D (^D), will list the names (files, in this case) available. The files are listed in multicolumn format, sorted column-wise. Directories are indicated with a trailing `/', executable files with a `*', symbolic links with a '@', sockets with a '=', and FIFOs (named pipes) with a '<'. Once printed, the command is re-echoed for you to complete. Additionally, one may want to know which files match a pre- fix. If the user had typed: > cd ~speech/data/fr[^D] all files and subdirectories whose prefix was ``fr'' would be printed. Notice that the example before was simply a degenerate case of this with a null trailing file name. (The null string is a prefix of all strings.) Notice also, that a trailing slash is required to pass to a new directory for both file name completion and listing. Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 9 TCSH User Commands TCSH The degenerate > ~[^D] will print a full list of login names on the current system. The behavior of the completion can be changed by setting the shell variable _r_e_c_e_x_a_c_t. This makes an exact command be expanded rather than just ringing the bell. For example, assume the current directory has two subdirectories called foo and food, then with _r_e_c_e_x_a_c_t set the following could be done: > cd fo[TAB] to ... > cd foo[TAB] to ... > cd foo/ rather than beeping on the second TAB. For covert operation, the variable _n_o_b_e_e_p, can be set, preventing the completion mechanism from actually beeping. CCoommmmaanndd NNaammee RReeccooggnniittiioonn Command name recognition and completion works in the same manner as file name recognition and completion above. The current value of the environment variable _P_A_T_H is used in searching for the command. For example > newa[TAB] might expand to > newaliases Also, > new[^D] would list all commands (along PATH) that begin with "new". Note that Control-D has three different effects on _t_c_s_h. On an empty line (one that contains nothing, not even spaces), ^_D sends an EOF to _t_c_s_h just as it does for normal programs. When the cursor is in the middle of a line of text, ^_D deletes the character that the cursor is under. Finally, a ^_D at the end of a line of text lists the available names at that point. To get a list of available names when the cur- sor is in the middle of a line (or on an empty line), a Meta-Control-D should be typed (Escape followed by Control- D). Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 10 TCSH User Commands TCSH 66.. SSPPEELLLLIINNGG CCOORRRREECCTTIIOONN If while typing a command, the user mistypes or misspells a file name, user name, or command name, _t_c_s_h can correct the spelling. When correcting a file name, each part of the path is individually checked and corrected. The key that invokes the corrector is Meta-$ (Escape Dollar-sign). For example, suppose that the user has typed: > cd /uxr/spol/news[ESC $] _T_c_s_h will check the path for spelling, correct the mistakes, and redraw the line as > cd /usr/spool/news leaving the cursor at the end of the line. This, like the other commands that affect names, works for command names and user names also. 77.. DDOOCCUUMMEENNTTAATTIIOONN LLOOOOKKUUPP The editor function _r_u_n-_h_e_l_p (Meta-h) prints a help file on the current command (using the same definition of current as the completion routines use). This help file is found by searching the path list HPATH for files of the form foo.help, foo.1, foo.8, or foo.6 in that order (assuming that the current command is foo). The file is just printed, not paged in any way. This is because _r_u_n-_h_e_l_p is meant to be used to look up short help files, not manual pages (although it can do manual pages also). 88.. HHIISSTTOORRYY SSAAVVIINNGG _T_c_s_h will save the history list between login sessions. It does this by writing the current list to the file "~/.his- tory" on logout, and reading it in on login. For example, placing the line set history=25 savehist=20 tells csh to save the last 25 commands on the history list, and to save the last 20 of them between logins. The "savehist" variable may be set up to the size of history, although it is an error to have _s_a_v_e_h_i_s_t larger than _h_i_s_- _t_o_r_y. 99.. AAUUTTOOMMAATTIICC LLOOGGOOUUTT The automatic logout time is controlled by the variable _a_u_t_o_l_o_g_o_u_t, the value of which is the number of minutes of inactivity will be allowed before automatically logging the user out. When that many minutes have been reached, the shell prints "autologout" and dies (without executing ~/.logout). The default for tcsh is to set _a_u_t_o_l_o_g_o_u_t for 60 minutes on login shells, and when the user is root. To Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 11 TCSH User Commands TCSH disable autologout (for instance in a window system), unset the shell variable _a_u_t_o_l_o_g_o_u_t. (_N_B: autologout is disabled by default on sprite.) 1100.. EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN OOFF AA CCOOMMMMAANNDD PPRRIIOORR TTOO EEAACCHH PPRROOMMPPTT _T_c_s_h supports a special alias, _p_r_e_c_m_d, which if set holds a command that will be executed before printing each prompt. For example, if the user has done > alias precmd date then the program _d_a_t_e will be run just before the shell prompts for each command. There are no limitations on what precmd can be set to do, although discretion should be used. 1111.. PPEERRIIOODDIICC CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN _T_c_s_h is now capable of providing periodic command execution through the use of the shell variable _t_p_e_r_i_o_d and the alias _p_e_r_i_o_d_i_c. When these items are set, the alias _p_e_r_i_o_d_i_c will be executed every _t_p_e_r_i_o_d minutes. This provides a con- venient means for checking on common but infrequent changes, such as new messages. Example: > set tperiod = 30 > alias periodic checknews This will cause the _c_h_e_c_k_n_e_w_s(1) program to be run every 30 minutes. Having the alias _p_e_r_i_o_d_i_c set but with an unset _t_p_e_r_i_o_d (or a value of 0 for _t_p_e_r_i_o_d) will cause _p_e_r_i_o_d_i_c to degenerate to another form of _p_r_e_c_m_d. 1122.. NNEEWW PPRROOMMPPTT FFOORRMMAATT The format for the _p_r_o_m_p_t shell variable has been changed to include many new things, such as the current time of day, current working directory, etc.. The new format uses "%<char>" to signal an expansion, much like _p_r_i_n_t_f(_3_S). The available sequences are: %d or %/ Current working directory. %~ cwd. If it starts with $HOME, that part is replaced by a ~. %c or %. Trailing component of cwd. %h, %! Current history event number. %M The full machine hostname %m The hostname up to the first "." %S (%s) Start (stop) standout mode. %t or %@ Current time of day, in 12-hour, am/pm format (but see the "ampm" shell variable below). %T Current time of day, in 24-hour format. %% A single %. The sequences for standout are often used to indicate that Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 12 TCSH User Commands TCSH this is an enabled (running as root) shell. An example: > set prompt="%m [%h] %S[%@]%s [%/] you rang? " tut [37] [_2:_5_4_p_m] [/usr/accts/sys] you rang? _ In addition, there is a new variable, _p_r_o_m_p_t_2, which is used to prompt for the body of while and for loops (wherever nor- mal _c_s_h prompts with a question mark). The default for _p_r_o_m_p_t_2 is "\? ": a (quoted) question mark followed by a space. 1133.. TTIIMMEE--SSTTAAMMPPEEDD HHIISSTTOORRYY LLIISSTT The history list in this csh now has a time-of-day stamp attached to each history list event. This time stamp is printed whenever the history command is executed. This allows the user to keep track of when the various events occurred. The time stamps are not maintained on the saved history list (also available in _t_c_s_h); thus, on logging back in, all the saved history events will be recorded with the login time as their time stamp. 1144.. DDIIRREECCTTOORRYY SSTTAACCKK EELLEEMMEENNTT AACCCCEESSSS _T_c_s_h will now allow the user to access all elements in the directory stack directly. The syntax "=<digit>" is recog- nized by tcsh as indicating a particular directory in the stack. (This works for the file/command name recognition as well.) This syntax is analogous to the ~ syntax for access to users' home directories. The stack is viewed as zero- based, i.e., =0 is the same as $cwd, which is the same as ".". As a special case, the string "=-" is recognized as indicating the last directory in the stack. Thus, > dirs /usr/net/bin /usr/spool/uucp /usr/accts/sys > echo =2 /usr/accts/sys > ls -l =1/LOGFILE -rw-r--r-- 1 uucp 2594 Jan 19 09:09 /usr/spool/uucp/LOGFILE > echo =-/.cs* /usr/accts/sys/.cshrc > echo =4 Not that many dir stack entries. > Tcsh will complain if you ask for a directory stack item which does not exist. In the normal csh, saying "pushd +2" would rotate the entire stack around through 2 stack elements, placing the entry found there at the top of the stack. If, however, the new shell variable _d_e_x_t_r_a_c_t is set, then issuing "pushd +n" will cause the nth directory stack element to be extracted from Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 13 TCSH User Commands TCSH its current position, which will then be pushed onto the top of the stack. Example: > dirs ~ /usr/spool/uucp /usr/net/bin /sys/src > set dextract > pushd +2 /usr/net/bin ~ /usr/spool/uucp /sys/src > unset dextract > pushd +2 /usr/spool/uucp /sys/src /usr/net/bin ~ 1155.. WWAATTCCHHIINNGG FFOORR LLOOGGIINNSS AANNDD LLOOGGOOUUTTSS _T_c_s_h has a mechanism so that the user can watch for login and logout activity of any user or terminal in the system. This is accomplished using the new special shell variable _w_a_t_c_h, which contains login/terminal name pairs to be checked for activity. For example: > set watch=(sys ttyjd root console) This setting will allow the user to check on when the user "sys" logs in on /dev/ttyjd. Similarly, it will inform the user of root's activity on the console. In order to be more general, the word "any" may be substituted for either a user's or a terminal's name, thus allowing > set watch=(brad any any ttyh0) which will check for user "brad" logging in or out of the system on any terminal, as well as anyone logging in to /dev/ttyh0. Naturally, the completely general case > set watch=(any any) allows the user to check on any and all login/logout activity in the the system. By default, the interval between checks of users on the sys- tem is 10 minutes; this can be changed by making the first element of _w_a_t_c_h a number of minutes which should be used instead, as in > set watch=(40 any any) which will check for any users logging in or out every 40 minutes. There is also a new command, _l_o_g, which is used to cause csh to inform the user of all users/terminals affected by _w_a_t_c_h whether they have been announced before or not. This is useful if a user has been on for some time and cannot Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 14 TCSH User Commands TCSH remember if a particular person/terminal is online right now or not. _L_o_g will reset all indication of previous announce- ment and give the user the login list all over again, as well as printing the current value of _w_a_t_c_h. The first time that _w_a_t_c_h is set at csh startup, all affected users and terminals will be printed as though those users/terminals had just logged on. This may appear to be a bug, but is generally considered a feature, since it allows the user to see who is on when he first logs in. 1166.. TTIIMMEEDD EEVVEENNTT LLIISSTT _T_c_s_h now supports a scheduled-event list through the use of the command _s_c_h_e_d. This command gives the user a mechanism by which to arrange for other commands to be executed at given times. An event is added to the scheduled-event list by saying > sched [+]hh:mm <command> as in > sched 11:00 echo It\'s eleven o\'clock. This will make an entry in the list at 11am for the echo command to be run with the given arguments. The time may be specified in either absolute or relative time, and absolute times may have a morning/afternoon specification as well, using "am" or "pm." For example, > sched +2:15 /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -r1 -sother > sched 5pm set prompt='[%h] It\'s after 5; go home: >' > sched +3am echo This syntax doesn\'t work. Relative time inconsistent with am/pm. > Note that tcsh will complain if you try to make faulty time specifications. Printing the current time-event list is accomplished by giv- ing the _s_c_h_e_d command with no arguments: > sched 1 Wed Apr 4 15:42 /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -r1 -sother 2 Wed Apr 4 17:00 set prompt=[%h] It's after 5; go home: > > There is also a mechanism by which the user can remove an item from the list: > sched --3 Usage for delete: sched -<item#>. Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 15 TCSH User Commands TCSH > sched -3 Not that many scheduled events. > sched -2 > sched 1 Wed Apr 4 15:42 /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -r1 -sother > All commands specified on the scheduled-event list will be executed just prior to printing the first prompt immediately following the time when the command is to be run. Hence, it is possible to miss the exact time when the command is to be run, but tcsh will definitely get around to all commands which are overdue at its next prompt. Scheduled-event list items which come due while tcsh is waiting for user input will be executed immediately. In no case, however, will normal operation of already-running commands be interrupted so that a scheduled-event list element may be run. This mechanism is similar to, but not the same as, the _a_t(1) command on some Unix systems. Its major disadvantage is that it does not necessarily run a command at exactly the specified time (but only if another command is already being run). Its major advantage is that commands which run directly from the csh, as sched commands are, have access to shell variables and other structures. This provides a mechanism for changing one's working environment based on the time of day. 1177.. BBUUIILLTTIINN FFOORR llss --FF There is a new builtin command called _l_s-_F which does the same thing as the command "ls -aF" if the shell variable _s_h_o_w_d_o_t_s has been set, and acts like "ls -F" otherwise. 1188.. CCHHAARR IINN RRAANNGGEE SSYYNNTTAAXX CCHHAANNGGEE The syntax for any character in a range (for example ".[a- z]*") has been extended so as to conform with standard Unix regular expression syntax (see _e_d(1)). Specifically, after an open bracket ("["), if the first character is a caret ("^") then the character matched will be any not in the range specified. For example: > cd ~ > echo .[a-z]* > echo .[^.]* > Note that the second form includes .Xdefaults and .Xinit because 'X' (and all the lower case letters) are outside of the range of a single '.'. 1199.. NNEEWW EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT AANNDD SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS On startup, _t_c_s_h now automatically initializes the Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 16 TCSH User Commands TCSH environment variable _H_O_S_T to the name of the machine that it is running on. It does this by doing a _g_e_t_h_o_s_t_n_a_m_e(_2) sys- tem call, and setting _H_O_S_T to the result. _T_c_s_h also initializes the environment variable _H_O_S_T_T_Y_P_E to a symbolic name for the type of computer that it is running on. The current possible values are: _a_l_l_i_a_n_t an Alliant FX series _a_t_t_3_b_2 an AT&T 3b2 _a_t_t_3_b_5 an AT&T 3b5 _a_t_t_3_b_1_5 an AT&T 3b15 _a_t_t_3_b_2_0 an AT&T 3b15 _b_a_l_l_a_n_c_e a Sequent Ballance (32000 based) _b_u_t_t_e_r_f_l_y_R _a _B_B_N _C_o_m_p_u_t_e_r _B_u_t_t_e_r_f_l_y _1_0_0_0 _c_o_n_v_e_x a Convex _h_p_9_0_0_0_s_3_0_0 an HP 9000, series 300 workstation _h_p_9_0_0_0_s_8_0_0 an HP 9000, series 800 workstation _h_p an HP, but not an hp9000s800 _m_u_l_t_i_m_a_x an Encore Computer Corp. Multimax (32000 based) _m_a_c_2 an Apple Computer Macintosh II _p_y_r_a_m_i_d a Pyramid Technology computer (of any flavor) _r_t an IBM PC/RT running Mach _r_t_p_c an IBM PC/RT running IBM's BSD port _s_u_n_2 a Sun Microsystems series 2 workstation (68010 based) _s_u_n_3 a Sun Microsystems series 3 workstation (68020 based) _s_u_n_4 a Sun Microsystems series 4 workstation (SPARC based) _s_u_n_3_8_6_i a Sun Microsystems 386i workstation (386 based) _s_u_n a Sun workstation of none of the above types _s_y_m_m_e_t_r_y a Sequent Symmetry (386 based) _v_a_x a Digital Equipment Corp. Vax (of any flavor) (The names of the machines are usually trade marks of the corresponding companies.) This is useful when sharing a single physical directory between several types of machines (running NFS, for instance). For example, if the following is in ._l_o_g_i_n: set path = (~/bin.$HOSTTYPE /usr/ucb /bin /usr/bin /usr/games .) and the user has directories named "bin._m_a_c_h_i_n_e" (where _m_a_c_h_i_n_e is a name from the above list), then the user can have the same programs compiled for different machines in the appropriate "bin._m_a_c_h_i_n_e" directories and _t_c_s_h will run the binary for the correct machine. _T_c_s_h also initializes the shell variable _u_i_d to the value of the current real user ID. This is useful for telling what user the shell is running as. Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 17 TCSH User Commands TCSH 2200.. CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS FFOORR DDEEBBUUGGGGIINNGG Only two such commands are available at this point, both concerned with testing termcap entries. _t_e_l_l_t_c tells you, politely, what tcsh thinks of your termi- nal, and _s_e_t_t_c `cap' `value' tells _t_c_s_h to believe that the termcap capability `cap' ( as defined in _t_e_r_m_c_a_p(_5) ) has the value `value'. No checking for sanity is performed, so beware of improper use. 2211.. SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG FFOORR TTHHEE VVIISSUUAALL HHIISSTTOORRYY Two new editor functions have been added: history-search- backward, bound to M-p (and M-P), and history-search- forward, bound to M-n (and M-N). Each of these search back- ward (or forward) through the history list for previous (next) occurrence of the first word in the input buffer as a command. That is, if the user types: > echo foo foo > ls filea fileb > echo bar bar > and then types "echo<ESC>p", the shell will place "echo bar" in the editing buffer. If another _M-_p was entered, the editing buffer would change to "echo foo". This capability is compatable with the plain visual history; if the user were to then enter ^_P the editing buffer would be changed to "ls". 2222.. BBUUIILLTTIINN WWHHIICCHH((11)) CCOOMMMMAANNDD There is now a builtin version of the _w_h_i_c_h(1) command. The builtin version is just like the original, except that it correctly reports aliases peculiar to this _t_c_s_h, and builtin commands. The only other difference is that the builtin runs somewhere between 10 and 100 times faster. 2233.. RREESSTTAARRTTIINNGG AA SSTTOOPPPPEEDD EEDDIITTOORR There is another new editor function: run-fg-editor, which is bound to _M-^_Z. When typed, it saves away the current input buffer, and looks for a stopped job with a name equal to the file name part (last element) of either the EDITOR or VISUAL environment variables (if not defined, the default names are "ed" and "vi" respectively). If such a job is found, then it is restarted as if "fg %_n_a_m_e" had been typed. This is used to toggle back and forth between an editor and the shell easily. Some people bind this function to ^_Z so they can do this even more easily. Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 18 TCSH User Commands TCSH 2244.. EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN OOFF AA CCOOMMMMAANNDD AAFFTTEERR CCHHAANNGGIINNGG TTHHEE CCUURRRREENNTT WWOORRKKIINNGG DDIIRREECCTTOORRYY _T_c_s_h now supports a special alias, _c_w_d_c_m_d, which if set holds a command that will be executed after changing the value of $cwd. For example, if the user is running on an X window system xterm, and has done > alias cwdcmd 'echo -n "^[]0;"{$HOST}":$cwd^G"' (where the ^[ is an ESC, and the ^G is a control-G.) then the shell will change the title of the running xterm to be the name of the host, a colon, and the full current work- ing directory. Note that if a user defines _c_w_d_c_m_d to con- tain a _c_d, _p_u_s_h_d, or _p_o_p_d, command, an infinite loop may result. In this case, it is the author's opinion that said user will get what he deserves. 2255.. EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN OOFF CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS OONN IIDDLLEE HHOOSSTTSS _T_c_s_h on Sprite supports automatic migration of processes for the purpose of load sharing. This is accomplished using the new special shell variable _p_o_l_i_c_y, which should contain a numeric value between 0 and 4. A value of 0, the default, indicates that no migration should be performed. The other values of interest are 2, which indicates that all commands should be migrated except those listed in the user's ~/.export file, or 4, which indicates that commands not in .export should be migrated when placed in the background. The _e_x_p_o_r_t command rehashes the list of entries in .export, and _e_x_p_o_r_t -_p_r_i_n_t lists the entries. Finally, _e_x_p_o_r_t -_h_e_l_p lists some information about the current status of exporta- tion. Note that not all commands are totally location-independent, and that commands will take up idle hosts that other users might be able to use. Therefore, run commands remotely only when they are CPU-intensive. The file /sprite/lib/tcsh/export contains the default .export file. FFYYII This shell uses cbreak mode but takes typed-ahead characters anyway. You can still use _s_t_t_y(1) to set some of the modes of your terminal (but not bindings). This shell will restore your tty to a sane mode if it appears to return from some command in raw, cbreak, or noe- cho mode. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT HPATH -- path to look for command documentation TERM -- used to tell how to handle the terminal Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 19 TCSH User Commands TCSH NNEEWW SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS autologout -- number of minutes of inactivity before automatic logout dextract -- extract a directory on pushd rather than rotat- ing edit -- use the input editor, set by default fignore -- list of file name suffixes to ignore during com- plete nobeep -- do not beep on non-unique expansion or excess edit printexitvalue -- if an interactive program exits non-zero, print the exit value. prompt -- the string to prompt with prompt2 -- the string to prompt for while and for loops with pushdtohome -- make pushd with no args do a "pushd ~" (like cd does) pushdsilent -- do not print the dir stack on every pushd and popd recexact -- recognize exact matches even if they are ambigu- ous savehist -- number of history items to save between login sessions showdots -- show hidden files in list and complete opera- tions term -- the terminal type; see above tperiod -- periodic command wait period (in min.) uid -- the current real user ID version -- the version ID stamp for this _t_c_s_h watch -- list of events to watch wordchars -- list of nonalphanumeric characters considered part of a word-- defaults to "*?_-.[]~=" NNEEWW SSPPEECCIIAALL AALLIIAASSEESS periodic -- the command to be run every _t_p_e_r_i_o_d minutes precmd -- the command to be run prior to printing each prompt SSEEEE AALLSSOO csh(1), chsh(1), termcap(5) BBUUGGSS The screen update for lines longer than the screen width is very poor if the terminal cannot move the cursor up (ie. terminal type "dumb"). I am certain that there are bugs. Bugs (preferably with fixes) should be sent to Paul Placeway (paul@cis.ohio- state.edu) AAUUTTHHOORRSS Ken Greer, HP Labs, 1981 Wrote the command completion. Mike Ellis, Fairchild, 1983 Added command name Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 20 TCSH User Commands TCSH recognition/completion. Paul Placeway, Ohio State CIS dept., 1983 Added the command line editor. Rayan Zachariassen, University of Toronto, 1984 Added the builtin _w_h_i_c_h feature to the editor, and the code for _l_s-_F . Also numerous bug fixes, modifications, and performance enhancements. Chris Kingsley, Caltech. Wrote the fast storage allocator routines (nmalloc.c). Karl Kleinpaste, CCI 1983-4 Added special aliases, directory stack extraction stuff, login/logout watch, and scheduled events. Also came up with the idea of the new prompt for- mat. Paul Placeway, Ohio State CIS dept., 1987 Re-wrote the edi- tor, cleaned up other code, and added the prompt routines, added to the syntax for file name expressions, and sped up the shell some. Chris Grevstad, TRW, 1987 Ported the 4.3 csh sources to tcsh. Christos S. Zoulas, Cornell U. EE dept., 1987-89 ported tcsh to HPUX, and System V rel. 2 and 3 and wrote a SysV version of getwd.c James J Dempsey, BBN, 1988, and Paul Placeway, OSU, 1988. Re-ported tcsh to A/UX BBUUGGFFIIXXEESS AANNDD EENNHHAANNCCEEMMEENNTTSS Hans J. Albertsson Added the ampm variable handeling Michael Bloom Fixed some of the interupt handeling Michael Fine, Digital Equipment Corp. added the extended key support Daniel Long, NNSC, 1988 Added the wordchars variable George Hartzell, MCD Biology, University of Colorado- Boulder, 1988 fixed the allways reseting to DEL bug. Patrick Wolfe, KAI, 1988 Cleaned up VI mode and wrote the new editor discription (in section 1). Jak Kirman, 1988 Fixed the SunOS 4 giant stack allocation bug. Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 21 TCSH User Commands TCSH Bruce Robertson, Tektronix, 1989 Fixed setting erase and kill (again). TTHHAANNKKSS TTOO A special thanks to: Bryan Dunlap, Clayton Elwell, Karl Kleinpaste, Bob Manson, Steve Romig, Diana Smetters, Bob Sutterfield, Mark Verber, Elizabeth Zwicky, and all the other people at Ohio State for suggestions and encourage- ment. Also, thanks to all the people on the net for putting up with, reporting bugs in, and suggesting new additions to the old tcsh editor. Ohio State 11 Feb 1989 22